// Copyright 2014 The go-ethereum Authors
// This file is part of the go-ethereum library.
//
// The go-ethereum library is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// The go-ethereum library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
// GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with the go-ethereum library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package vm

import (
	"bytes"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"math/big"
	"strings"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/log"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/params"
	"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/rollup/dump"
)

// codec is a decoder for the return values of the execution manager. It decodes
// (bool, bytes) from the bytes that are returned from both
// `ExecutionManager.run()` and `ExecutionManager.simulateMessage()`
var codec abi.ABI

// innerData represents the results returned from the ExecutionManager
// that are wrapped in `bytes`
type innerData struct {
	Success    bool   `abi:"_success"`
	ReturnData []byte `abi:"_returndata"`
}

// runReturnData represents the actual return data of the ExecutionManager.
// It wraps (bool, bytes) in an ABI encoded bytes
type runReturnData struct {
	ReturnData []byte `abi:"_returndata"`
}

// Will be removed when we update EM to return data in `run`.
var deadPrefix, fortyTwoPrefix, zeroPrefix []byte

func init() {
	const abidata = `
	[
		{
			"type": "function",
			"name": "call",
			"constant": true,
			"inputs": [],
			"outputs": [
				{
					"name": "_success",
					"type": "bool"
				},
				{
					"name": "_returndata",
					"type": "bytes"
				}
			]
		},
		{
			"type": "function",
			"name": "blob",
			"constant": true,
			"inputs": [],
			"outputs": [
				{
					"name": "_returndata",
					"type": "bytes"
				}
			]
		}
	]
`

	var err error
	codec, err = abi.JSON(strings.NewReader(abidata))
	if err != nil {
		panic(fmt.Errorf("unable to create abi decoder: %v", err))
	}
	deadPrefix = hexutil.MustDecode("0xdeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddeaddead")
	zeroPrefix = hexutil.MustDecode("0x000000000000000000000000000000000000")
	fortyTwoPrefix = hexutil.MustDecode("0x420000000000000000000000000000000000")
}

// emptyCodeHash is used by create to ensure deployment is disallowed to already
// deployed contract addresses (relevant after the account abstraction).
var emptyCodeHash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(nil)

type (
	// CanTransferFunc is the signature of a transfer guard function
	CanTransferFunc func(StateDB, common.Address, *big.Int) bool
	// TransferFunc is the signature of a transfer function
	TransferFunc func(StateDB, common.Address, common.Address, *big.Int)
	// GetHashFunc returns the n'th block hash in the blockchain
	// and is used by the BLOCKHASH EVM op code.
	GetHashFunc func(uint64) common.Hash
)

// run runs the given contract and takes care of running precompiles with a fallback to the byte code interpreter.
func run(evm *EVM, contract *Contract, input []byte, readOnly bool) ([]byte, error) {
	if UsingOVM {
		// OVM_ENABLED
		// Only log for non `eth_call`s
		if evm.Context.EthCallSender == nil {
			log.Debug("Calling contract", "ID", evm.Id, "Address", contract.Address().Hex(), "Data", hexutil.Encode(input))
		}

		// Uncomment to make Safety checker always returns true.
		// if contract.Address() == evm.Context.SafetyChecker.Address {
		//     return AbiBytesTrue, nil
		// }

		// If we're calling the state manager, we want to use our native implementation instead.
		if contract.Address() == evm.Context.OvmStateManager.Address {
			// The caller must be the execution manager
			if contract.Caller() != evm.Context.OvmExecutionManager.Address {
				log.Error("StateManager called by non ExecutionManager", "ID", evm.Id, "caller", contract.Caller().Hex())
				return nil, ErrOvmSandboxEscape
			}
			return callStateManager(input, evm, contract)
		}
	}

	if contract.CodeAddr != nil {
		precompiles := PrecompiledContractsHomestead
		if evm.chainRules.IsByzantium {
			precompiles = PrecompiledContractsByzantium
		}
		if evm.chainRules.IsIstanbul {
			precompiles = PrecompiledContractsIstanbul
		}
		if p := precompiles[*contract.CodeAddr]; p != nil {
			return RunPrecompiledContract(p, input, contract)
		}
	}

	for _, interpreter := range evm.interpreters {
		if interpreter.CanRun(contract.Code) {
			if evm.interpreter != interpreter {
				// Ensure that the interpreter pointer is set back
				// to its current value upon return.
				defer func(i Interpreter) {
					evm.interpreter = i
				}(evm.interpreter)
				evm.interpreter = interpreter
			}
			return interpreter.Run(contract, input, readOnly)
		}
	}

	return nil, ErrNoCompatibleInterpreter
}

// Context provides the EVM with auxiliary information. Once provided
// it shouldn't be modified.
type Context struct {
	// CanTransfer returns whether the account contains
	// sufficient ether to transfer the value
	CanTransfer CanTransferFunc
	// Transfer transfers ether from one account to the other
	Transfer TransferFunc
	// GetHash returns the hash corresponding to n
	GetHash GetHashFunc

	// Message information
	Origin   common.Address // Provides information for ORIGIN
	GasPrice *big.Int       // Provides information for GASPRICE

	// Block information
	Coinbase    common.Address // Provides information for COINBASE
	GasLimit    uint64         // Provides information for GASLIMIT
	BlockNumber *big.Int       // Provides information for NUMBER
	Time        *big.Int       // Provides information for TIME
	Difficulty  *big.Int       // Provides information for DIFFICULTY

	// OVM_ADDITION
	EthCallSender             *common.Address
	IsL1ToL2Message           bool
	IsSuccessfulL1ToL2Message bool
	OvmExecutionManager       dump.OvmDumpAccount
	OvmStateManager           dump.OvmDumpAccount
	OvmSafetyChecker          dump.OvmDumpAccount
	OvmL2CrossDomainMessenger dump.OvmDumpAccount
	OvmETH                    dump.OvmDumpAccount
}

// EVM is the Ethereum Virtual Machine base object and provides
// the necessary tools to run a contract on the given state with
// the provided context. It should be noted that any error
// generated through any of the calls should be considered a
// revert-state-and-consume-all-gas operation, no checks on
// specific errors should ever be performed. The interpreter makes
// sure that any errors generated are to be considered faulty code.
//
// The EVM should never be reused and is not thread safe.
type EVM struct {
	// Context provides auxiliary blockchain related information
	Context
	// StateDB gives access to the underlying state
	StateDB StateDB
	// Depth is the current call stack
	depth int

	// chainConfig contains information about the current chain
	chainConfig *params.ChainConfig
	// chain rules contains the chain rules for the current epoch
	chainRules params.Rules
	// virtual machine configuration options used to initialise the
	// evm.
	vmConfig Config
	// global (to this context) ethereum virtual machine
	// used throughout the execution of the tx.
	interpreters []Interpreter
	interpreter  Interpreter
	// abort is used to abort the EVM calling operations
	// NOTE: must be set atomically
	abort int32
	// callGasTemp holds the gas available for the current call. This is needed because the
	// available gas is calculated in gasCall* according to the 63/64 rule and later
	// applied in opCall*.
	callGasTemp uint64

	Id string
}

// NewEVM returns a new EVM. The returned EVM is not thread safe and should
// only ever be used *once*.
func NewEVM(ctx Context, statedb StateDB, chainConfig *params.ChainConfig, vmConfig Config) *EVM {
	// Add the ExecutionManager and StateManager to the Context here to
	// prevent the need to update function signatures across the codebase.
	if chainConfig != nil && chainConfig.StateDump != nil {
		ctx.OvmExecutionManager = chainConfig.StateDump.Accounts["OVM_ExecutionManager"]
		ctx.OvmStateManager = chainConfig.StateDump.Accounts["OVM_StateManager"]
		ctx.OvmSafetyChecker = chainConfig.StateDump.Accounts["OVM_SafetyChecker"]
		ctx.OvmL2CrossDomainMessenger = chainConfig.StateDump.Accounts["OVM_L2CrossDomainMessenger"]
		ctx.OvmETH = chainConfig.StateDump.Accounts["OVM_ETH"]
	}

	id := make([]byte, 4)
	rand.Read(id)

	evm := &EVM{
		Context:      ctx,
		StateDB:      statedb,
		vmConfig:     vmConfig,
		chainConfig:  chainConfig,
		chainRules:   chainConfig.Rules(ctx.BlockNumber),
		interpreters: make([]Interpreter, 0, 1),

		Id: hex.EncodeToString(id),
	}

	if chainConfig.IsEWASM(ctx.BlockNumber) {
		// to be implemented by EVM-C and Wagon PRs.
		// if vmConfig.EWASMInterpreter != "" {
		//  extIntOpts := strings.Split(vmConfig.EWASMInterpreter, ":")
		//  path := extIntOpts[0]
		//  options := []string{}
		//  if len(extIntOpts) > 1 {
		//    options = extIntOpts[1..]
		//  }
		//  evm.interpreters = append(evm.interpreters, NewEVMVCInterpreter(evm, vmConfig, options))
		// } else {
		// 	evm.interpreters = append(evm.interpreters, NewEWASMInterpreter(evm, vmConfig))
		// }
		panic("No supported ewasm interpreter yet.")
	}

	// vmConfig.EVMInterpreter will be used by EVM-C, it won't be checked here
	// as we always want to have the built-in EVM as the failover option.
	evm.interpreters = append(evm.interpreters, NewEVMInterpreter(evm, vmConfig))
	evm.interpreter = evm.interpreters[0]

	return evm
}

// Cancel cancels any running EVM operation. This may be called concurrently and
// it's safe to be called multiple times.
func (evm *EVM) Cancel() {
	atomic.StoreInt32(&evm.abort, 1)
}

// Cancelled returns true if Cancel has been called
func (evm *EVM) Cancelled() bool {
	return atomic.LoadInt32(&evm.abort) == 1
}

// Interpreter returns the current interpreter
func (evm *EVM) Interpreter() Interpreter {
	return evm.interpreter
}

// Call executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input as
// parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes
// the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an
// execution error or failed value transfer.
func (evm *EVM) Call(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}

	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}

	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
		if !evm.Context.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
			return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
		}
	}

	// We need to be able to show a status of 1 ("no error") for successful L1 => L2 messages.
	// The current way we figure out the success of the transaction (by parsing the
	// returned data) would require an upgrade to the contracts that we likely won't make for a
	// while. As a result, we'll use this mechanism where we set IsL1ToL2Message = true if
	// we detect an L1 => L2 message and then IsSuccessfulL1ToL2Message = true if the message is
	// successfully executed.
	// Just to be safe (if the evm object ever gets reused), we set both values to false on the
	// start of a new EVM execution.
	if evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.Context.IsL1ToL2Message = false
		evm.Context.IsSuccessfulL1ToL2Message = false
	}

	var (
		to       = AccountRef(addr)
		snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
	)

	if !evm.StateDB.Exist(addr) {
		precompiles := PrecompiledContractsHomestead
		if evm.chainRules.IsByzantium {
			precompiles = PrecompiledContractsByzantium
		}
		if evm.chainRules.IsIstanbul {
			precompiles = PrecompiledContractsIstanbul
		}
		if precompiles[addr] == nil && evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && value.Sign() == 0 {
			// Calling a non existing account, don't do anything, but ping the tracer
			if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
				evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureStart(caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)
				evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, 0, 0, nil)
			}
			return nil, gas, nil
		}
		evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(addr)
	}

	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		evm.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), to.Address(), value)
	}

	// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
	// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, value, gas)
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	// Even if the account has no code, we need to continue because it might be a precompile
	start := time.Now()

	// Capture the tracer start/end events in debug mode
	if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureStart(caller.Address(), addr, false, input, gas, value)

		defer func() { // Lazy evaluation of the parameters
			evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, gas-contract.Gas, time.Since(start), err)
		}()
	}

	// Here's where we detect L1 => L2 messages. Based on the current contracts, we're guaranteed
	// that the target address will only be the OVM_L2CrossDomainMessenger at a depth of 1 if this
	// is an L1 => L2 message.
	if evm.depth == 1 && addr == evm.Context.OvmL2CrossDomainMessenger.Address {
		evm.Context.IsL1ToL2Message = true
	}

	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, false)

	// If all of these very particular conditions hold then we're guaranteed to be in a successful
	// L1 => L2 message. It's not pretty, but it works. Broke this out into a series of checks to
	// make it a bit more legible.
	if evm.Context.IsL1ToL2Message && evm.depth == 3 {
		var isValidMessageTarget = true
		// 0x420... addresses are not valid targets except for the ETH predeploy.
		if bytes.HasPrefix(addr.Bytes(), fortyTwoPrefix) && addr != evm.Context.OvmETH.Address {
			isValidMessageTarget = false
		}
		// 0xdead... addresses are not valid targets.
		if bytes.HasPrefix(addr.Bytes(), deadPrefix) {
			isValidMessageTarget = false
		}
		// As long as this is a valid target and the message didn't revert then we can consider
		// this a successful L1 => L2 message.
		if isValidMessageTarget && err == nil {
			evm.Context.IsSuccessfulL1ToL2Message = true
		}
	}

	// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
	// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
	// when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
	if err != nil {
		evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}

	if UsingOVM {
		// OVM_ENABLED
		if evm.depth == 0 {
			// We're back at the root-level message call, so we'll need to modify the return data
			// sent to us by the OVM_ExecutionManager to instead be the intended return data.

			// We skip the parsing step if this was a successful L1 => L2 message. Note that if err
			// is set (perhaps because of an error in ExecutionManager.run) we'll still return that
			// error.
			if !evm.Context.IsSuccessfulL1ToL2Message {
				// Attempt to decode the returndata as as ExecutionManager.run when
				// it is not an `eth_call` and as ExecutionManager.simulateMessage
				// when it is an `eth_call`. If the data is not decodable as ABI
				// encoded bytes, then return nothing. If the data is able to be
				// decoded as bytes, then attempt to decode as (bool, bytes)
				isDecodable := true
				returnData := runReturnData{}
				if err := codec.Unpack(&returnData, "blob", ret); err != nil {
					isDecodable = false
				}

				switch isDecodable {
				case true:
					inner := innerData{}
					// If this fails to decode, the nil values will be set in
					// `inner`, meaning that it will be interpreted as reverted
					// execution with empty returndata
					_ = codec.Unpack(&inner, "call", returnData.ReturnData)
					if !inner.Success {
						err = errExecutionReverted
					}
					ret = inner.ReturnData
				case false:
					ret = []byte{}
				}
			}
		}

		if evm.Context.EthCallSender == nil {
			log.Debug("Reached the end of an OVM execution", "ID", evm.Id, "Return Data", hexutil.Encode(ret), "Error", err)
		}
	}

	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

// CallCode executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input
// as parameters. It also handles any necessary value transfer required and takes
// the necessary steps to create accounts and reverses the state in case of an
// execution error or failed value transfer.
//
// CallCode differs from Call in the sense that it executes the given address'
// code with the caller as context.
func (evm *EVM) CallCode(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}

	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}
	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		// Fail if we're trying to transfer more than the available balance
		if !evm.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
			return nil, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
		}
	}

	var (
		snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
		to       = AccountRef(caller.Address())
	)
	// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
	// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, value, gas)
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, false)
	if err != nil {
		evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

// DelegateCall executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input
// as parameters. It reverses the state in case of an execution error.
//
// DelegateCall differs from CallCode in the sense that it executes the given address'
// code with the caller as context and the caller is set to the caller of the caller.
func (evm *EVM) DelegateCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}
	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}

	var (
		snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
		to       = AccountRef(caller.Address())
	)

	// Initialise a new contract and make initialise the delegate values
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, nil, gas).AsDelegate()
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, false)
	if err != nil {
		evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

// StaticCall executes the contract associated with the addr with the given input
// as parameters while disallowing any modifications to the state during the call.
// Opcodes that attempt to perform such modifications will result in exceptions
// instead of performing the modifications.
func (evm *EVM) StaticCall(caller ContractRef, addr common.Address, input []byte, gas uint64) (ret []byte, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, gas, nil
	}
	// Fail if we're trying to execute above the call depth limit
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, gas, ErrDepth
	}

	var (
		to       = AccountRef(addr)
		snapshot = evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
	)
	// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
	// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, to, new(big.Int), gas)
	contract.SetCallCode(&addr, evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(addr), evm.StateDB.GetCode(addr))

	// We do an AddBalance of zero here, just in order to trigger a touch.
	// This doesn't matter on Mainnet, where all empties are gone at the time of Byzantium,
	// but is the correct thing to do and matters on other networks, in tests, and potential
	// future scenarios
	evm.StateDB.AddBalance(addr, bigZero)

	// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
	// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
	// when we're in Homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
	ret, err = run(evm, contract, input, true)
	if err != nil {
		evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	return ret, contract.Gas, err
}

type codeAndHash struct {
	code []byte
	hash common.Hash
}

func (c *codeAndHash) Hash() common.Hash {
	if c.hash == (common.Hash{}) {
		c.hash = crypto.Keccak256Hash(c.code)
	}
	return c.hash
}

// create creates a new contract using code as deployment code.
func (evm *EVM) create(caller ContractRef, codeAndHash *codeAndHash, gas uint64, value *big.Int, address common.Address) ([]byte, common.Address, uint64, error) {
	// Depth check execution. Fail if we're trying to execute above the
	// limit.
	if evm.depth > int(params.CallCreateDepth) {
		return nil, common.Address{}, gas, ErrDepth
	}
	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		if !evm.CanTransfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), value) {
			return nil, common.Address{}, gas, ErrInsufficientBalance
		}
	}

	// Ensure there's no existing contract already at the designated address
	contractHash := evm.StateDB.GetCodeHash(address)
	if evm.StateDB.GetNonce(address) != 0 || (contractHash != (common.Hash{}) && contractHash != emptyCodeHash) {
		return nil, common.Address{}, 0, ErrContractAddressCollision
	}
	// Create a new account on the state
	snapshot := evm.StateDB.Snapshot()
	evm.StateDB.CreateAccount(address)
	if evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 {
		evm.StateDB.SetNonce(address, 1)
	}
	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		evm.Transfer(evm.StateDB, caller.Address(), address, value)
	}

	// Initialise a new contract and set the code that is to be used by the EVM.
	// The contract is a scoped environment for this execution context only.
	contract := NewContract(caller, AccountRef(address), value, gas)
	contract.SetCodeOptionalHash(&address, codeAndHash)

	if evm.vmConfig.NoRecursion && evm.depth > 0 {
		return nil, address, gas, nil
	}

	if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureStart(caller.Address(), address, true, codeAndHash.code, gas, value)
	}
	start := time.Now()

	ret, err := run(evm, contract, nil, false)

	// check whether the max code size has been exceeded
	maxCodeSizeExceeded := evm.chainRules.IsEIP158 && len(ret) > params.MaxCodeSize
	// if the contract creation ran successfully and no errors were returned
	// calculate the gas required to store the code. If the code could not
	// be stored due to not enough gas set an error and let it be handled
	// by the error checking condition below.
	if err == nil && !maxCodeSizeExceeded {
		createDataGas := uint64(len(ret)) * params.CreateDataGas
		if contract.UseGas(createDataGas) {
			evm.StateDB.SetCode(address, ret)
		} else {
			err = ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas
		}
	}

	// When an error was returned by the EVM or when setting the creation code
	// above we revert to the snapshot and consume any gas remaining. Additionally
	// when we're in homestead this also counts for code storage gas errors.
	if maxCodeSizeExceeded || (err != nil && (evm.chainRules.IsHomestead || err != ErrCodeStoreOutOfGas)) {
		evm.StateDB.RevertToSnapshot(snapshot)
		if err != errExecutionReverted {
			contract.UseGas(contract.Gas)
		}
	}
	// Assign err if contract code size exceeds the max while the err is still empty.
	if maxCodeSizeExceeded && err == nil {
		err = errMaxCodeSizeExceeded
	}
	if evm.vmConfig.Debug && evm.depth == 0 {
		evm.vmConfig.Tracer.CaptureEnd(ret, gas-contract.Gas, time.Since(start), err)
	}
	return ret, address, contract.Gas, err

}

// Create creates a new contract using code as deployment code.
func (evm *EVM) Create(caller ContractRef, code []byte, gas uint64, value *big.Int) (ret []byte, contractAddr common.Address, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress(caller.Address(), evm.StateDB.GetNonce(caller.Address()))
	} else {
		// OVM_ENABLED
		if caller.Address() != evm.Context.OvmExecutionManager.Address {
			log.Error("Creation called by non-Execution Manager contract! This should never happen.", "Offending address", caller.Address().Hex())
			return nil, caller.Address(), 0, ErrOvmCreationFailed
		}

		contractAddr = evm.OvmADDRESS()

		if evm.Context.EthCallSender == nil {
			log.Debug("[EM] Creating contract.", "ID", evm.Id, "New contract address", contractAddr.Hex(), "Caller Addr", caller.Address().Hex(), "Caller nonce", evm.StateDB.GetNonce(caller.Address()))
		}
	}

	return evm.create(caller, &codeAndHash{code: code}, gas, value, contractAddr)
}

// Create2 creates a new contract using code as deployment code.
//
// The different between Create2 with Create is Create2 uses sha3(0xff ++ msg.sender ++ salt ++ sha3(init_code))[12:]
// instead of the usual sender-and-nonce-hash as the address where the contract is initialized at.
func (evm *EVM) Create2(caller ContractRef, code []byte, gas uint64, endowment *big.Int, salt *big.Int) (ret []byte, contractAddr common.Address, leftOverGas uint64, err error) {
	codeAndHash := &codeAndHash{code: code}
	if !UsingOVM {
		// OVM_DISABLED
		contractAddr = crypto.CreateAddress2(caller.Address(), common.BigToHash(salt), codeAndHash.Hash().Bytes())
	} else {
		// OVM_ENABLED
		if caller.Address() != evm.Context.OvmExecutionManager.Address {
			log.Error("Creation called by non-Execution Manager contract! This should never happen.", "Offending address", caller.Address().Hex())
			return nil, caller.Address(), 0, ErrOvmCreationFailed
		}

		contractAddr = evm.OvmADDRESS()

		if evm.Context.EthCallSender == nil {
			log.Debug("[EM] Creating contract [create2].", "ID", evm.Id, "New contract address", contractAddr.Hex(), "Caller Addr", caller.Address().Hex(), "Caller nonce", evm.StateDB.GetNonce(caller.Address()))
		}
	}

	return evm.create(caller, codeAndHash, gas, endowment, contractAddr)
}

// ChainConfig returns the environment's chain configuration
func (evm *EVM) ChainConfig() *params.ChainConfig { return evm.chainConfig }

// OvmADDRESS will be set by the execution manager to the target address whenever it's
// about to create a new contract. This value is currently stored at the [15] storage slot.
// Can pull this specific storage slot to get the address that the execution manager is
// trying to create to, and create to it.
func (evm *EVM) OvmADDRESS() common.Address {
	slot := common.Hash{31: 0x0f}
	return common.BytesToAddress(evm.StateDB.GetState(evm.Context.OvmExecutionManager.Address, slot).Bytes())
}
