* cannon: Fix GC emulation of Go programs

Improves Linux/MIPS32 emulation for Go programs that utilize the garbage
collector and goroutine scheduling.

This adds support for the following syscalls:

- getpid - used by the go scheduler
- clock_gettime - used by the go scheduler and for GC assists and to properly emulate
  time related operations such as `time.Sleep`.

Note on GC assists:

The Go GC relies on `clock_gettime` for GC "assists", whereby a mutator can perform a little bit
of GC without waiting for the scheduler to do so.
A monotonic clock (runtime.nanotime) is used to compute the current goroutine's compute budget.
By modeling a MIPS32 CPU that runs at some clock speed (ex: 10 MHz), we can provide a consistent
emulation of monotonic time needed by the Go runtime.
All other clock_gettime flags are handled as unimplemented syscalls.

* fix unsupported syscalls test

* fix some review comments

* address review comments

* update snapshots

* fuzz invalid memory proof

* reduce test runtime

* tweak realtime emulation

* reduce test runtime

* set a high timeout for heavy fuzz tests

* simplify fuzz

* fix heavy tests

* chore: Cleanup proofs actions

* tidy

* lint

* adrian review

* move `RunFaultProofProgram` onto the `L2FaultProofEnv` type

* feat: Helper for dumping `fp-tests` fixtures in `op-program` action tests

* adrian review

Updates the output of the check-interfaces script to be more clear
about cases when removing items from the EXCLUDE_CONTRACTS list is
acceptable and how to verify that an item is unnecessary.

Adds a comment to OptimismPortal2 that further explains the
proofSubmitters mapping.

IBeacon should've thrown an error but didn't, need to investigate
why that was the case. For now I've added it to the ignore list.

* feat: Run `op-program` in `op-e2e` action tests

* configurable forks

* golint / op-program test

* use correct endpoint

Adds interfaces for all remaining L1 contracts. L2 contracts are
next!

* op-challenger: Add a "big" op-challenger docker image including asterisc and kona

* proofs-tools: Rename op-challenger-deps to proofs-tools and use tagged asterisc and kona sources.

* proofs-tools: Use more recent version of challenger for testing

* proofs-tools: Remove TODO

* proofs-tools: Only build for amd64 - kona doesn't support arm64.

* proofs-tools: Add README

* proofs-tools: Use challenger v1.1.0

* op-contracts/v1.6.0-rc.1 release (#11528)

* Fix deploy-config absolute prestate

* chore: update semver-lock

---------
Co-authored-by: smartcontracts <kelvin@optimism.io>
Co-authored-by: Kelvin Fichter <kelvinfichter@gmail.com>

Adds a new script that can run extra fuzz test iterations when
new fuzz tests are added. Can be used in CI or locally to make
sure that new fuzz tests aren't flaky.

* feat: initial goroutine blob submission implementation

test(batcher): add e2e test for concurrent altda requests

doc: add explanation comment for FakeDAServer

chore: fix if condition in altda sendTransaction path

feat: add maxConcurrentDaRequests config flag + semaphore

refactor: batcher to use errgroup for da instead of separate semaphore/waitgroup

fix: nil pointer bug after using wrong function after rebase

fix: defn of maxConcurrentDaRequests=0

fix: TestBatcherConcurrentAltDARequests

chore: remove unneeded if statement around time.Sleep

refactor: use TryGo instead of Go to make logic local and easier to read

chore: clean up some comments in batcher

chore: make batcher shutdown cancel pending altda requests by using shutdownCtx instead of killCtx

* chore(batcher): make altda wg wait + log only when useAltDa is true

* refactor: batcher altda submission code into its own function

* test: refactor batcher e2e test to only count batcher txs

* chore: log errors from wait functions

* chore: refactor and minimize time that e2e batcher system tests can run

* chore: lower timeout duration in test

* fix(batcher): maxConcurentDARequests was not being initialized

* Add entrypoint to deploy against existing Superchain

Creates a separate entrypoint in the deploy script to allow an L2 to be deployed against an existing set of Superchain contracts. The deployment assumes that the Superchain contracts have been deployed correctly. The L2 still gets its own ProxyAdmin, AddressManager, and Safe. The API is additive and backwards-compatible.

* Update packages/contracts-bedrock/scripts/deploy/Deploy.s.sol
Co-authored-by: Maurelian <john@oplabs.co>

* remove redundant call

---------
Co-authored-by: Maurelian <john@oplabs.co>

Updates the contracts-bedrock-tests job to only build the specific
tests that are being tested as part of the test split for that
job. Also merges the other contracts-bedrock-build with
build-devnet-allocs since this is a bottleneck now. Overall impact
is that CI time is now 7-10 minutes.

Another PR adding contract interfaces. L1 contract interfaces are
way more involved than everything else so we're required to start
replacing the contracts with interfaces all over the place.

* refactor: remove structs from DeploySuperchainInput and DeploySuperchainOutput

* test: fix tests

* test: fix test

* chore: remove outdated struct references

* pr feedback

* chore: code comments

* Improvements/bugfixes to Go forge scripts

Adds some improvements to the Go forge scripts:

- Adds a `GasUsed` field to the `Broadcast` struct so that transaction broadcast utilities can use it for gas estimation. Gas estimation using the RPC will fail when sending transactions in parallel since the state can change significantly between calls.
- Fixes a bug in the `vm.broadcast` cheatcode where sender nonce were not increased for `vm.CALL`s. This led to a mismatch between the contract addresses generated by the Forge tooling, and what was actually being generated onchain.

* op-chain-ops: isolate broadcast functionality

* review updates

* wrap in broadcast check

* Add nonce tests

* Update op-chain-ops/script/script.go
Co-authored-by: protolambda <proto@protolambda.com>

* Fix test

* op-chain-ops: track broadcast nonce, add sanity checks

---------
Co-authored-by: protolambda <proto@protolambda.com>

* interop: disable interop messages in force-deposits
Co-authored-by: Disco <131301107+0xDiscotech@users.noreply.github.com>

* interop: clean up config helpers

* op-node: fix/improve L1 info tx tests

* op-node: fix attributes test

* op-node: fix sequence-number usage in post-interop system deposit, fix tests

* op-contracts: L1Block interop: fix diff, remove duplicate test from renaming

* contracts: update metadata

* contracts: fix build warnings

* contracts: fix interface build

* script: ignore

* lint: fix

* test: .testdata directory

* tests: fix revert

---------
Co-authored-by: Disco <131301107+0xDiscotech@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: protolambda <proto@protolambda.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Tyneway <mark.tyneway@gmail.com>

semgrep-scan kept failing with a medium docker image with 4g RAM.
Updating this image to large seems to fix the issue.

OptimismPortal fuzz tests were flaking because the base fee would
increase so much that there wouldn't be enough gas to burn for the
user to be able to buy the gas that they want. Introduces an
additional assumption that will prevent the elasticity multiplier
and max change denominator from being such that the maximum
change to the base fee won't cause us to run out of gas.

* begin supporting specifying versions in OPSM

* add deploy logic

* deploy OPSM along with implementations

* scaffold opsm interface between scripts

* fixes

* mvp of DeployOPChain

* start working on an e2e opsm test, currently reverts

* fix tests

* test cleanup

* rename opsmSingleton to opsm

* chore: remove unused imports

* refactor: switch from 'new' to blueprints, 50% code size reduction

* fix semgrep

* feat: add OPSM interop tests

* test: add missing specs

* add DisputeGameFactory deployment

* chore: update snapshots

* fix opsm interop support

* chore: update snapshots

* Update packages/contracts-bedrock/test/DeployOPChain.t.sol

* fix: add L1StandardBridge setter and initialization

* chore: small clarification of deploy flow

* Update packages/contracts-bedrock/scripts/DeployImplementations.s.sol
Co-authored-by: Blaine Malone <blainemalone01@gmail.com>

* chore: add todos

* fix: change bytes32 to string

* rename addrs to opChainAddrs for clarity

* test: fix assertion string numbering

* chore: update semver lock:

---------
Co-authored-by: Blaine Malone <blainemalone01@gmail.com>

* op-node: read DACommitmentType from scr in LoadOPStackRollupConfig

* op-node: check for altda nil pointers before dereferencing

* op-node: leave altDA config nil if not existent in scr config

* fix(op-batcher): initAltDA before initChannelConfig

* chore(op-bastcher): fix comment

* Add broadcast API to Go forge scripts

Adds a hooks-based API to collect transactions broadcasted via `vm.broadcast(*)` in the Go-based Forge scripts. Users pass an `OnBroadcast` hook to the host, which will be called with a `Broadcast` struct with the following fields whenever a transaction needs to be emitted:

```go
type Broadcast struct {
	From     common.Address
	To       common.Address
	Calldata []byte
	Value    *big.Int
}
```

This API lets us layer on custom transaction management in the future which will be helpful for `op-deployer`.

As part of this PR, I changed the internal `callStack` data structure to contain pointers to `CallFrame`s rather than passing by value. I discovered a bug where the pranked sender was not being cleared in subsequent calls due to an ineffectual assignment error. I took a look at the implementation and there are many places where assignments to call frames within the stack happen after converting the value to a reference, so converting the stack to store pointers in the first place both simplified the code and eliminated a class of errors in the future. I updated the public API methods to return copies of the internal structs to prevent accidental mutation.

* Code review updates

* moar review updates

* fix bug with staticcall

* feat: Add nested directory data format for op-program kvstore

* Review feedback: Update error message
Co-authored-by: Adrian Sutton <adrian@symphonious.net>

* op-program: Make directory preimage format the default.

---------
Co-authored-by: Adrian Sutton <adrian@symphonious.net>
Co-authored-by: Adrian Sutton <adrian@oplabs.co>

* Fix race condition in sequencer stopping logic

* Add channel to signal that latestHead has been updated

* Fix test

* Store latest sealed separately, as latest gets cleared by engine.PayloadSuccessEvent

* Cleanup tests

* Add assertions on latest block ref variables

* Re-check if sequencer is active

* cannon: Autodetect VM type from state in run command

* cannon: Autodetect VM type from state in witness command

* cannon: Remove vm type flag from run and witness

* cannon: Only peek the version byte

* cannon: Move all version handling to VersionedState, simplify a lot and forbid serializing multithreaded states to JSON

* cannon: Rename method

* op-challenger: Update cannon state parsing to use version detecting methods

* cannon: Move CreateVM to FPVMState for simplicity

Test read/write/create for VersionedState

* cannon: Readd detect_test

* cannon: Remove json names from multithreaded.State.

Multithreaded states always use binary serialization.

* cannon: Move vmtype to load_elf since it is no longer shared.

* cannon: Ensure metadata is available and sleepCheck used even if debug is disabled.

* op-challenger: Update canon state loading test to cover multiple state versions.

First in a series of PRs adding interfaces for L2 contracts. Since
each of these changes involves touching a lot of other contracts
it seemed easier to split this up into several PRs for legibility.

Avoids being surprised by the special handling for - and empty string output paths.