* Revert "Revert "Merge pull request #8242 from ethereum-optimism/go-docker-targets""

This reverts commit d972c460.

It also fixes up some conflicts / inconsistencies,
 since op-conductor was added after the original revert.

* ops: experimental cross-build fixes

* Retrieve git tag in Circle CI and use to set op version within docker image

* Update dispute-mon and da-server to use new docker build flow

* Fix GIT_VERSION script in Circle CI config.yml

* Update ops-bedrock docker-compose to use new docker build flow

* Load pre-built op-challenger image in devnet tests

* Save op-challenger.tar to avoid docker rebuild in devnet tests

* Add Circle CI job for check-cross-platform

* Allow env var to override VERSION in Makefiles

* Pass version to op-program components except op-program-client

* Wrap all docker-bake variable names in quotes

---------
Co-authored-by: protolambda <proto@protolambda.com>